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The role of the nurse in providing multidisciplinary care in spinal units
HARAZINOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this master's thesis is to map the role of the nurse in the spinal unit, describe the collaboration of multidisciplinary team members in the spinal unit and describe the needs of the hospitalized patients. To meet these objectives, a total of five following research questions were set: "What is the role of the nurse in the care of patients in the spinal unit?", "What are the specifics of nursing care of patients in the spinal unit?", "What is the composition of the multidisciplinary team in the spinal unit?", "How does the cooperation between these workers take place?" and "What are the needs of patients hospitalized in the spinal unit?". The theoretical part of the thesis is designed to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the issue of spinal cord injury. At the very beginning, it defines the basic anatomical and physiological conditions of the nervous system, spine and spinal cord. Injury of these structures is the subject of other chapters, which discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options in more detail. It also describes the development of spinal units in the Czech Republic and abroad. It defines a multidisciplinary team, whose work is an integral part of the care of a patient with a spinal cord injury. The nursing care chapter is devoted to areas that require a specific approach by nurses in patients with spinal cord injury. A qualitative research study was chosen for the empirical part of the thesis. Data collection took place using a semi-structured interview with thirteen nurses from selected spinal units. After finding out their personal information, they were asked a total of twenty-nine questions focused on the functioning of the spinal unit, characteristics of provided multidisciplinary care and the nurses' experience of the patients' condition and needs. The obtained information was subsequently transcribed and processed with the open coding method and colouring text. For easier orientation in the results of the interviews, four categories and seventeen subcategories were created, which clearly present the answers to the above research questions. It was found that the informants perceive their role in the spinal unit mainly as a nurse-caregiver. The cooperation of the multidisciplinary team is conditioned by various forms of verbal and non-verbal information exchange, for example during ward rounds, by change-of-shift handoff, operational meetings or information boards. Most of the nurses rate this cooperation as effective and mostly problem-free. The results also show that the needs of patients are closely related to mobility restrictions and long-term hospitalization. Most often, these are physiological needs and the need for contact with the society. This master's thesis points out the importance of a multidisciplinary and sensitive approach to patients with a spinal cord injury, who experience many worries and tense moments in their return to everyday life. The results may serve as educational material not just for students of healthcare professions, but also for the medical staff themselves. An output of the thesis is a manual for new nurses on spinal units, which aims to make them easier to integrate and prepare for the significant specifics about the nursing care for patients with spinal cord injury.
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Brachytherapy treatment from the perspective of nurses and patients
KULAJEC, Teťana
Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy, where the source of radiation is placed in a short distance of the carcinoma. The most common indications for brachytherapeutic treatment are oncogynecological malignancies. This bachelor's work aimed to identify nurse's role in taking care of a patient treated with intracavitary brachytherapy, patient's experience with nursing care provided while being intracavitary brachytherapeuticaly treated and to map the specifics of nursing care connected with intracavitary brachytherapeutic treatment. Secondly, I focused on complications develope during brachytherapy and the possibilities of how a nurse can prevent these complications. To accomplish my aims I used quantitative research in half-structured interviews with nurses and patients. Then I analysed the results using open coding method pencil-paper, and so analysed results were categorized in consequence. The first research group was made up of four nurses, who are working at brachytherapeutic operating-room. The second group was made up of six patients, chosen with the method of intended selection, for whom there was a criterion of suffering from an oncogynecological illness, whether currently or in the past, which was treated with brachytherapy. There was found out, that the role of a nurse working at a brachytherapeutic operating-room is mostly about providing nursing care. She only fulfilled the educational role when introducing the process of brachytherapy itself, but not when introducing preventing complications. According to other statements, there was found out, that nurses only provide this kind of education when asked by the patient directly. When asked about the specifics of nursing care, answers from respondents did not differ at all. Despite the absence of education, the care provided by nurses and collaboration with patients was rated positively and their approach was found professional. Some patients claimed that the nurse also helped them to stay psychically stable. The results showed that the incidence of complications after brachytherapeutic treatment seemed a little wider to patients, than to nurses. The results of the research might be used as a topic of a suggestion to a seminar concerned about this problematic.
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The Role of Nurse in the Prevention of Disease of Civilisation
PAVLOVÁ, Martina
The current state Prevention is a complex care of a patient when we are trying to prevent from the occurrence or development of a disease, or when we want to prevent from its consequences and mitigate them. Recommendations for prevention set by a doctor must be on a scientific basis, and they must be a part of all branches of medicine. Their effectiveness depends on the cooperation between patients and medical staff. The basic and most efficient method of prevention is the health promotion and health education, which is closely associated with it. The term health promotion involves a set of activities and precautions for the purpose of making health better and sustaining it. Diseases of civilisation (hereinafter "DoC") are groups of diseases which are distinguished by their association to our lifestyles. Human body is more and more threatened from unfavourable influences of external environment, such as the quality of atmosphere, work environment and environment itself, the lack of physical movement, unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The list of diseases of civilisation varies and changes together with our society and the development of our lifestyles. Among the most common or frequent diseases of current time are cardiovascular diseases, which involve atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease and obesity. Furthermore, between civilization diseases include diabetes mellitus type 2 or cancer, etc. The goal of the thesis There are two goals set for this paper. The first goal was to find out what the role of a nurse in the prevention of diseases of civilisation was. The second goal was to find out what the above mentioned role of a nurse was from the point of view of patients. Methodology For the purpose of the research part of this thesis, qualitative research using semistructured interviews was carried out. Respondents were divided into two groups; the first one consisted of eight nurses working at internal medicine and neurological department of the hospital in České Budějovice and a nurse working in a private office of a general practitioner for adult patients. The second group consisted of eight patients of the above mentioned health facilities. Results According to our findings, nurses and patients have different oppinions on the role of a nurse. Nurses in disease prevention see themselves as an equivalent to a doctor when undertaking this practice and giving guidance. The patient speaks only to the nurse who emphasized what they were told by the doctor and reiterated the main points. They make available to them leaflets and brochures or Internet resources. In contrast, most patients see a nurse as a more important source of information than the doctor. Patients have the feeling that the doctor does not have enough time or does not want to be botherd with questions. Rather the patient turns to his nurse, which they sees as more appropriate and someone to whom they can confide in without bothering. Summary The goal of the thesis was to focus on prevention, DoC, and the role of a nurse in the prevention of such diseases, as well as to study this issue, look at it from the point of view of patients and nurses via the interviews carried out in this paper, and to analyse such information. Based on this analysis are published recommendations for nurses and patients.
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The role of nurse in psychoeducation of clients with psychotic disorders with a focus on healthy lifestyle
VLČKOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determine and describe the role of a nurse in psychoeducation of clients suffering from a psychotic disorder, with focus on a healthy lifestyle. The theoretical part is focused on the disorder itself. The first section gives a description of the symptoms of schizophrenia, the cure, the side effects of used medicaments and nursing care of psychotic patients. The second section deals with general education, thereafter aiming psychoeducation of clients with a psychotic illness. The third section emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet, exercise and relaxation and a healthy lifestyle in general. The theoretical part also includes information on The Programme for Good Health, to which the research part relates. The research part asks these investigative questions: What is the role of a nurse in psychoeducation of clients suffering from a psychotic disorder, with focus on a healthy lifestyle? What are the specifics of education of clients with a psychotic illness in The Programme for Good Health? What educational principles do the nurses involved in The Programme for Good Health follow? From the nurses' point of view, how do the clients involved in The Programme for Good Health cooperate? From the nurses' point of view, what are the benefits of The Programme for Good Health to the clients? To carry out the research, the strategy of qualitative research, an interrogation method and a semi-structured interview technique were used. The research sample was formed by two graduate nurses working in the organization FOKUS in České Budějovice, two nurses specialized in care of psychiatric patients, working in the psychiatric ward in České Budějovice Hospital, and one nurse also specialized in care of psychiatric patients. The answers of the respondents were analysed by the method of text colouring. The research describes the process and the purpose of The Programme for Good Health. The research results indicate what the role of a nurse is, what the specifics of education of clients with a psychotic illness are and what the benefits of The Programme for Good Health to the clients are. One of the important effect was that the nurses use knowledge gained during the programme and the method of individual sessions even after funding of the programme was ended. The results of this bachelor thesis provide information and demonstrate what is important for clients with a mental disease.
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The role of a nurse in prevention of injuries with women patients with osteoporosis aiming at women in menopause
ŽAMBOCHOVÁ, Pavla
Injury rate among seniors has been increasing rapidly in the Czech Republic recently. Women in menopause with osteoporosis diagnosed form a large group. These are so called low-energy injuries, which are closely linked to increased mortality among old people. This issue is not only related to healthcare, but also to social and economic spheres. Proper education in prevention of injury occurrence in women with this diagnosis is one of the key means leading to reduction of the number of osteoporotic fractures. The Code of Ethics of the International Council of Nurses points out the obligation of a nurse to take responsibility in prevention sphere. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with characteristics of the menopause period, development of osteoporosis, the most frequent osteoporosis related injuries prevention, and an outline of social and economic impact of the injury rate. The practical part deals with a research performed on patients of the orthopaedic outpatient department of the Tábor Hospital. Six women with diagnosed osteoporosis in menopause were chosen. The main goal of the work was to find out what role a nurse from an orthopaedic outpatient department plays in prevention of injuries in women with osteoporosis, whether patients are aware of injury prevention possibilities, which form of provision of such information is best appreciated by the patients and whether the patients apply their knowledge of prevention to practice. A qualitative research in the form of non-standardized interview with open questions prepared in advance was performed. The interviews were conducted individually with each patient. A framework analysis based on the results from the interviews was performed and category groups formed. Processing of the results revealed that the information on prevention of injury in osteoporosis provided to the patients by the orthopaedic outpatient department was poor. Nurses are involved in this prevention activity just marginally or not at all. Complex identification of the problem might be the topic of further research. It might be necessary to find out whether insufficient time, poor knowledge of the problem or indifferent attitude to the problem is the reason. On the other hand only some of the patients apply their obtained knowledge to practice. We can however conclude from the interviews that provision of general information on prevention and the risks of injuries might inspire women to modification of their present way of life. Organization of group lectures with the possibility to obtain printed complex data of this society-wide problem seems to be a suitable form of providing information.
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